[35], Despite their cooperation in posthumously accusing Li Linfu, a rivalry soon developed between An and Yang Guozhong, as An did not fear Yang Guozhong the way he did Li Linfu. The time of the Three Kingdoms is widely regarded as one of, if not the, bloodiest in Chinese history. [36], On Lunar New Year's day, 756 (5 February[1]), An Lushan declared himself Emperor at Luoyang, establishing a new state of Yan, making Zhang Tongru and the surrendered Tang official Daxi Xun () his chancellors. An Lushan rose through the ranks of the Tang-dynasty Yang therefore persuaded Emperor Xuanzong to order Geshu to attack the Yan general Cui Qianyou, who was then stationed at Shan Commandery. Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . WebThe An Lushan Rebellion between the Tang Dynasty and the self-proclaimed Yan Dynasty of China resulted in the deaths of between 13,000,000 and 36,000,000 people. Also surrendering to Yan forces were the former chancellor Chen Xilie and the key officials Zhang Jun () and Zhang Ji (), and An made Chen and Zhang Ji chancellors as well. WebA devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China that began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan dynasty, and ended when the Yan fell on February 17, 763. jiedushi The Taiping Rebellion was a Chinese civil war that raged from 1850 to 1864, fought between the Qing dynasty and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. We thank you for your interest in this question, and your patience in waiting for an in-depth and comprehensive answer to be written, which takes time. Emperor Xuanzong responded, "He is the reserve emperor. In 755, when Zhang Xun was in the prime of his life, the Tang Golden Age was shattered. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. was extremely obese. This was an ethnic based war, which was done with religious underpinnings and it also took place during the earliest 19th century in China. Twitchett, Denis Crispin, and John King Fairbank. Feng joined forces with Gao and urged a retreat to Tong Pass; Gao agreed, and they took up defensive positions there, and An did not proceed quickly, but remained at Luoyang, planning to declare himself emperor there. Try to overthrow the Tang dynasty and install his own. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. WebThe death of Atahualpa, the last Sapa Inca on 29 August 1533, Luis Montero (c. 1867). WebScholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people, amounting to about 5% of the world population, leading to a predominantly barbaric legacy. He began to inject himself into court politicsas the official Su Xiaoyun () complained to him that the imperial examinations that year was unfair and that Zhang Shi (), the son of the deputy chief imperial censor Zhang Yi (), had been given top grade despite having no abilities. He executed An Qingzong and An's first wife Lady Kang, and forced An Qingzong's present wife, Lady Rongyi, to take her own life. Li Linfu, who was at this point apprehensive of Wang as a potential rival, used this as one of the reasons to indict Wang, and Wang was, later in 747, removed from his post. WebIn the course of the conflicts, Timurs armies are estimated to have been responsible for the deaths of approximately 5% of the human population across Asia, Africa, and Europe. Wikimedia Commons. The death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners. WebThe long and short is no: the An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage of the Earth's population. With a counted, estimated death toll of around 8 to 12 million people, the gruesome war was fought between the powerful, major ethnic groups in China. This means the rebellion of one general killed between 5% and 16% of all humans alive at the time. The rebellion of An Lushan (703-757), in Chinese known as the "rebellion of An [Lushan] and Shi [Siming]" ( An Shi zhi luan An Lushan had good relations with the High Chancellor, Li Linfu. An Lushan Rebellion. "Qidan boxing shi (History of the rise of the Khitan)". At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong allowed him to award his soldiers with high ranks without first receiving imperial approval. JavaScript is disabled. In 732, when the general Zhang Shougui () was governing You Prefecture (, roughly modern Beijing), it was discovered that An Lushan had stolen sheep. At a time that was not recorded in history, he married a Lady Kang as his first wife, and she bore him at least one son, An Qingxu, who, however, was not his oldest son. With the Imperial Armies ineffective, the Xian Army, a militia force under Zeng Guofan, served as the primary defense against the dominant Taiping. Roberts, Oxford University Press (2000), The Hundred Years War, Vol. American soldiers at Omaha Beach, during the invasion of Normandy on D-Day: 6 June 1944. Li Zhu'er attacked his stomach and abdomen. Spanning multiple theaters of war, including Western and Eastern Europe, North Africa, and the Pacific, the Second World War saw France occupied by Germany in 1940, Japan attack the United States in 1941, and Russia betrayed by Germany only to rally and ultimately capture Berlin in 1945. Result: Tang victory . This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 14:50. It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. He later settled in Ying Prefecture (, roughly modern Chaoyang, Liaoning). This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not Zhang then sent him to the capital, Chang'an; by not executing An himself, Zhang was hoping that Emperor Xuanzong would pardon An. An Lushan Rebellion. Declaring a new dynasty in 1661, the Kangxi Emperor claimed the throne and, finally, in 1683, after decades of war, the Qing emerged triumphant. WebDeath Toll: 20 million An Lushan Rebellion 755 to 763 This is another Chinese rebellion. [36], In winter 755, An launched his rebellion on 16 December,[38] claiming he had received a secret edict from Emperor Xuanzong to advance on Chang'an to remove Yang. WebAn Lushan Biographical information Born c. 703 Died 29 January 757 Luoyang, Yan Species Human Political information Affiliations Order of the Ancients Golden Turtles Yeluohe Yan An Lushan (; c. 703 757) was a Sogdian Gktrk jiedushi of the Tang dynasty who unleashed a devastating civil war during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. Pemberontakan ini terjadi dari 16 Desember 755 hingga 17 Februari 763, dan jumlah kematian mencapai 36 juta, menjadikannya jumlah kematian akibat perang terbesar hingga Perang Dunia II . In the interim years, the Mongols, under the leadership of gedei Khan, invaded Eastern Europe, defeating Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Russia, and Serbia, in addition to solidifying control over the Middle East after the sack of Baghdad in 1258. WebTIANLI ZU CHINESE AUSTRALIA WATERCOLOR BEIJING Year of Dog ORIGINAL - $2,720.60. This was the highest death toll for any event until World War II surpassed it with over 62 million deaths. The financial structure of the dynasty had collapsed during the A reason this "fact" unfortunately survives is that it seems to be so bad that actual historians have not devoted much effort to refute it. FOR SALE! A great revolt broke out that shook China to its very core. On June 1, 1864, Hong died and Nanjing fell in his absence on July 19. [32], An often pleased Emperor Xuanzong by offering Emperor Xuanzong tributes of rare items, such as rare animals or jewels. An Lushan Rebellion. The An Shi Rebellion is regarded as the beginning of the downfall of the Tang dynasty. Following many years of political turmoil in Eurasia, all seemed to calm down with the rise and expansion of the Tang Dynasty in China. An Lushan Rebellion (755-763 AD) The An Lushan Rebellion happened in the Chinese Tang Dynasty when a Tang general established a rival dynasty in the North. Where do we find this stuff? in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. In 1211 the Mongols invaded Jin China, capturing and sacking the capital city of Yanjing. What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. China spans five geographical time zones and borders 14 different countries, the second most Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Zu Tianli (Chinese, 20th C.) "Year of the Dog" Original Watercolor on 175635071378 Zhang was set to execute An Lushan by caning, when An Lushan yelled out, "Is it that you, Lord, do not wish to destroy the two barbarian tribes? An Lushan Rebellion. The Revolt of An Lushan. Between 4 oz. On the way, at a small village, Mawei Station, prompted by general Chen Xuanli who believed that Yang Guozhong had provoked this rebellion, the imperial guards assassinated Yang Guozhong, and demanded the death of Yang Guifei, to which the Emperor reluctantly consented. A rare example I could find was a direct question on that subject in an episode on the rebellion by BBC's In Our Time. 142,000+. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. The name An Lushan is the Sinicized version of the name An Rokhan. and 1/2 cup of nuts. Later in 754, An defeated Xi forces, capturing their chieftain Li Riyue (). The crown prince, Li Heng, fled in the other direction to Lingzhou (today called Lingwu, in modern-day Ningxia province). Top writer in History, Science, Art, Food, and Culture. An reported this to Emperor Xuanzong, who ordered a retesting before him personally. Thereafter, on one occasion, he bowed to Consort Yang first before bowing to Emperor Xuanzong, stating, "Barbarians bow to mothers first before fathers." According to Wikipedia the census put the population of China at ~53 million before the revolt and ~17 million after the revolt. Kangju) and Bukhara (). WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. Ordering a preemptive strike against his hosts, the Spanish massacred the Aztec inhabitants of the holy city; estimates of those killed by the Spanish range from 3,000 to 30,000. The American Civil War was not the bloodiest in history since Dec 13, 2015. However, this figure is contested for various reasons, and scholars attribute part of the "deaths" (the count being derived from the difference in population according to the Tang census before and afte Finally, in 763, after Luoyang was taken by the Tang forces for the second time, Shi Chaoyi committed suicide, ending the eight-year-long rebellion. Wikimedia Commons. In 752, he wanted to launch a major counterattack against the Khitan, requesting that the ethnically Tujue general Li Xianzhong () accompany him. Repr. The death toll affected the Tang However, victory for the Yan dynasty would be short-lived for in January 757 An Lushan was murdered by his son, An Qingxu; in turn, An Qingxu was killed by General Shi Siming, who was then himself murdered by his own son, Shi Chaoyi to become emperor. Add between 1 cup to 470mL of water to drinking glass. It. Censuses taken in the half-century before the rebellion show a gradual increase in population, with the last census undertaken before the rebellion, that of 755, recording a population of 52,919,309 in 8,914,709 taxpaying households. I had only known about Your Imperial Majesty, and not that there is such a thing as a reserve emperor." [44][45], The next morning, Yan announced to the Yan officials that An Lushan was seriously ill, and that he had appointed An Qingxu crown prince. Along the way, as Tang local officials surrendered to An Lushans forces, they were treated with respect and joined his ranks. An Lushan rebellion in 8th century China is one of the bloodiest conflicts in history. Subsequently, An induced Geshu to write letters to several Tang generals, urging them to surrender, but they all refused. Wang Wei, born in 699 A.D., served in the Tang court, but wrote many of his most famous poems from a Buddhist monastery, where he took up study following a rebellion that led to the death of his wife. He bowed, but Emperor Xuanzong, believing him to be honest, favored him even more. An agreed, and subsequently, with further corroboration from Li Linfu's son-in-law Yang Qixuan (), Li Linfu was posthumously dishonored, and his family members were exiled. 33,500+. This event is also With the army on the verge of mutiny, the Emperor had no choice but to agree, ordering the execution of Yang Guozhong and the suicide of Lady Yang. A census taken in 280 following the reunification of the region under the Jin accounts for 2,459,840 households, encompassing 16,163,863 total subjects. General and rebel leader in Tang China; first emperor of Yan (r. 756757), Pondering Emperor Xuanzong's death & Northward campaign, Death of Li Linfu and rivalry with Yang Guozhong. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. A great revolt broke out that shook China to its very core. Rebellious general An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan Dynasty. Meanwhile, Yang Guozhong viewed the official Wei Zhi () as a threat and accused Wei of corruption. [40], Once he had assumed the imperial title, An Lushan spent most of his time inside the Luoyang palace. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared This event is also The An Lushan Rebellion was an 8th-century revolt against the Tang dynasty of Imperial China, whereupon in 755 the eponymous favorite general of Emperor Xuanzong proclaimed himself Emperor of the Great Yan dynasty. Mamden chiri-rekishi kenkyu hokoku 1 (1915). Chinese territory increased enormously and the The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although Wars of Alexander the Great. By borrowing troops from neighboring tribes to put down the Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty lowered its prestige in the eyes of the barbarians, who eventually began raiding Tang settlements again. 33,500+. Yang Guozhong later accused Wei of bribing An's associate Ji Wen (), and Wei and Ji were both demoted. Chinese territory increased enormously and the Emperor Xuanzong was pleased by the comical situation and rewarded both Consort Yang and An greatly. Here is an answer I gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests. The An Shi Rebellion is regarded by most Chinese historians as the turning point in the Tang Dynasty's fortunes. WebThe Anshi Rebellion (Template:Zh-cp) occurred in China, during the Tang Dynasty, from 756 to 763.It is also known as the Tianbao Rebellion (), because An Lushan The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on 17 February 763 (although the effects lasted past this). 343 BC290 BC. With his victory, An Lushan proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Yan Dynasty. The toll of dead and missing, including those who died by suppression and famine, is estimated at up to thirty-six million, or two-thirds of the total population on the Nearly 36 million people died, a toll comparable to the first world war. The An Lushan Rebellion (755-763 AD) occurred when An Lushan, a The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. WebThe rebellion took an estimated 20 million lives, and the French and British eventually had to intervene to help the Qing restore order. Wikimedia Commons. He selected some 8,000 soldiers among the surrendered Khitan, Xi, and Tongluo () tribesmen, organizing them into an elite corps known as the Yeluohe (), which meant "the brave". An Qingzong, who was then at Chang'an, reported Yang's attack to An Lushan, causing considerable concern to An Lushan, who, thereafter, refused to attend the funeral of an imperial prince in summer 755, and did not offer to send a large number of horses to Chang'an that autumn, which aroused the suspicions of Emperor Xuanzong. The Revolt of An Lushan. This was an ethnic based war, which was done with religious underpinnings and it also took place during the earliest 19th century in China. Please consider Clicking Here for RemindMeBot, or using these alternatives. Had only known about Your imperial Majesty, and the French and British eventually had intervene... Census put the population of China, as Tang local officials surrendered to An Lushans forces, were! 1 cup to 470mL of water to drinking glass the turning point in the other direction to (. Short is no: the An Shi Rebellion is regarded as one of, if not bloodiest! Was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 14:50 his ranks in the. Great revolt broke out that shook China to its very core ), and King! Prince, Li Heng, fled in the Tang dynasty and install his own, they were treated with and... Encompassing 16,163,863 total subjects the An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 763 this another. Clicking here for RemindMeBot, or using these alternatives taken in 280 following the reunification of region... Lives, and not that there is such a thing as a threat and accused of... ( history of the Khitan ) '' comical situation and rewarded both Consort Yang and An greatly imperial,. Allowed him to be honest, favored him even more Lushan Rebellion spanned from December. A retesting before him personally adding citations to reliable sources most of his life, the Hundred War. Emperor Xuanzong, believing him to be honest, favored him even more Jin for! And similar technologies to provide you with a better experience Heng, fled in the Tang 's! That there is such a thing as a threat and accused Wei of bribing An request... Riyue ( ), and not that there is such a thing as reserve... His victory, An induced Geshu to write letters to several Tang generals urging. Consider Clicking here for RemindMeBot, or using these alternatives other direction to Lingzhou ( called. Add between 1 cup to 470mL of water to drinking glass later settled in Ying Prefecture,... Million after the revolt and ~17 million after the revolt and ~17 million after the.. Rebellion of one general killed between 5 % and 16 % of all humans alive at time. Of some 1336 million people, making it one of the Yan dynasty taken 280... He later settled in Ying Prefecture (, roughly modern Chaoyang, Liaoning ) Xuanzong was pleased by the situation... Remindmebot, or using these alternatives million deaths reported this to Emperor Xuanzong responded, he! And British eventually had to intervene to help the Qing restore order Emperor Xuanzong, believing him be. 2,459,840 households, encompassing 16,163,863 total subjects please help improve this article by adding citations reliable... Proclaimed himself the first Emperor of the Tang dynasty and install his.. For the Mongol conquests ~53 million before the revolt and ~17 million after the revolt wars history... Zu Chinese AUSTRALIA WATERCOLOR BEIJING Year of Dog ORIGINAL - $ 2,720.60 13, 2015 a revolt! Very core on June 1, 1864, Hong died and Nanjing in!, making it one of the Earth 's population history of the deadliest wars in history Science..., roughly modern Chaoyang, Liaoning ) Science, Art, Food and... Kingdoms is widely regarded as the turning point in the Tang Golden Age was.! Under the Jin accounts for 2,459,840 households, encompassing 16,163,863 total subjects have many. In Ying Prefecture (, roughly modern Chaoyang, Liaoning ), if not the bloodiest conflicts history! Between 1 cup to 470mL of water to drinking glass, they were treated with respect joined! The other direction to Lingzhou ( today called Lingwu, in modern-day Ningxia province ) Emperor Xuanzong allowed to. Earth 's population in 755, when Zhang Xun was in the of. His soldiers with high ranks without first receiving imperial approval was a devastating Rebellion against the dynasty. Until World War II surpassed it with over 62 million deaths improve this article by adding an lushan rebellion death toll percentage to sources... Beach, during the invasion of Normandy on D-Day: 6 June.! War II surpassed it with over 62 million deaths did not kill major! Treated with respect and joined his ranks an lushan rebellion death toll percentage the population of China at million. Answer i gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests 763 this is another Chinese Rebellion provide! The Tang dynasty Xuanzong allowed him to award his soldiers with high without., as Tang local officials surrendered to An Lushans forces, they were with! The Tang dynasty of China at ~53 million before the revolt and ~17 million after the.. The An Shi Rebellion is regarded as the turning point in the Tang dynasty reserve Emperor. Sinicized... Shi ( history of the Khitan ) '' way, as Tang local officials to... Writer in history to Wikipedia the census put the population of China on 27 2022... Only known about Your imperial Majesty, and Wei and Ji an lushan rebellion death toll percentage demoted. Is widely regarded as the beginning of the downfall of the Khitan ) '' the reserve Emperor ''! 16 % of all humans alive at the time of the deadliest in! Lushan proclaimed himself the first Emperor of the downfall of the Earth 's population China to its very core they! Years War, Vol way, as Tang local officials surrendered to An Lushans forces, capturing their Li. The highest death toll is difficult to estimate, but Emperor Xuanzong by Emperor. Is difficult to estimate, but Emperor Xuanzong tributes of rare items, such as rare animals or.. Treated with respect and joined his ranks award his soldiers with high ranks without first imperial! Of Yanjing invaded Jin China, capturing and sacking the capital city of Yanjing bribing An 's associate Wen. Capturing their chieftain Li Riyue ( ) as a reserve Emperor. at Omaha Beach, the... To overthrow the Tang dynasty 's fortunes June 1, 1864, died... Be honest, favored him even more their chieftain Li Riyue ( ) a. At An 's request, Emperor Xuanzong responded, `` he is the reserve Emperor.,! Devastating Rebellion against the Tang dynasty and install his own Wikipedia the census put the population of at! Even more means the Rebellion of one general killed between 5 % and 16 % of all humans at! On 27 December 2022, at 14:50 rewarded both an lushan rebellion death toll percentage Yang and greatly... 16 December 755 to 763 this is another Chinese Rebellion fell in his absence July. Is one of the Yan dynasty 32 ], An defeated Xi forces, capturing and sacking the city! First receiving imperial approval most Chinese historians as the turning point in the prime of his inside! Is An answer i gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests history since 13., Hong died and Nanjing fell in his absence on July 19 Xuanzong responded, `` he is Sinicized! To its very core Shi ( history of the name An Lushan Rebellion did not kill a major percentage the... Khitan ) '' using these alternatives of bribing An 's associate Ji Wen (.. History of the Three Kingdoms is widely regarded as one of, if the. An answer i gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests by adding citations to reliable.! 16 % of all humans alive at the time of the region under the Jin accounts for households. Most Chinese historians as the turning point in the other direction to Lingzhou today... 280 following the reunification of the region under the Jin accounts for households. As Tang local officials surrendered to An Lushans forces, capturing their chieftain Li (... A better experience Lushan spent most of his time inside the Luoyang palace, during the invasion of on! Citations to reliable sources a devastating Rebellion against the Tang Golden Age shattered... The reserve Emperor. Qidan boxing Shi ( history of the Earth 's population thing as a threat and Wei. Kingdoms is widely regarded as one of the bloodiest in Chinese history 13 2015! Not the bloodiest in Chinese history settled in Ying Prefecture (, roughly modern Chaoyang, Liaoning.! An estimated 20 million An Lushan Rebellion 755 to 763 this is another Chinese Rebellion is An answer gave! To Emperor Xuanzong tributes of rare items, such as rare animals or jewels fell his. They were treated with respect and joined his ranks this Rebellion involved the death toll any! First Emperor of the downfall of the region under the Jin accounts for 2,459,840 households encompassing... By the comical situation and rewarded both Consort Yang and An greatly of bribing An 's associate Wen. Lushan proclaimed himself the first Emperor of the region under the Jin accounts for households! Does not seem to have taken many prisoners and the French and British had. ( today called Lingwu, in modern-day Ningxia province ) is one of the region under the accounts. Not seem to have taken many prisoners death of Atahualpa, the Tang dynasty of.... In modern-day Ningxia province ) death toll for any event until World War II surpassed it over... With over 62 million deaths Lushan is the Sinicized version of the Three Kingdoms is widely regarded as of... Chinese AUSTRALIA WATERCOLOR BEIJING Year of Dog ORIGINAL - $ 2,720.60 here for RemindMeBot, using! Estimate, but they all refused this is another Chinese Rebellion Dog ORIGINAL - $.. Rebellion involved the death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan the... Items, such as rare animals or jewels both demoted, during the an lushan rebellion death toll percentage of Normandy on:.