AG&`\( _]Wo}m2Z4{/5#xO2WX$IY/-j-l4-$V95nOu!uA%|V'i`5KkIzyOrl:|GBq Plot the percent passing versus sieve size on a semi-log gradation chart using Excel. 4. Some PCC mix designs use gap graded aggregate to provide a more economical mix since less sand can be used for a given workability. Pennsylvania Department of Transportation. JavaScript is disabled. 100% stacked line and 100% stacked line with markersShown with or without markers to indicate individual data values, 100% stacked line charts can show the trend of the percentage each value contributes over time or evenly spaced categories. A gradation that, when plotted on the 0.45 power gradation graph, falls mostly below the 0.45 power maximum density line. Pie charts show the size of items in one data series, proportional to the sum of the items. Will return error value, since there are error values in the evaluation range. This is because AGGREGATE is expecting a second ref argument, since the function (SMALL) requires one. error if a second function argument is required, but not provided. After you create a chart, you can customize it by applying chart quick layouts or styles. The files at the links below are intended for use by approved Aggregate Producers listed in PennDOT Publication 34 (Bulletin 14) for documenting Aggregate Producer Quality Control (QC) data. > 9 8 \ p kj B a = = K xK8 X@ " 1 XC a l i b r i 1 XC a l i b r i 1 XC a l i b r i 1 XC a l i b r i 1 XC a l i b r i 1 XC a l i b r i 1 . Scatter with smooth lines and markers and scatter with smooth linesThis chart shows a smooth curve that connects the data points. Please help. Learn to create a chart and add a trendline. Consider reviewing several chart types: as you point to menuitems, summaries appearnext to themto help you decide. t o4$^n,MYK50j['Tk xoJV\D_qJalo\hR{aJOR_MV The curve is flat in the mid-size range. U:6.2TVc1m("]^`CdDxa Names that are not in any specific order (for example, item names, geographic names, or the names of people). The links below provide the applicable forms and files that make up the PennDOT Aggregate Plant Book. For example, functions like SMALL and LARGE take a second argument, k, and ref2 represents that argument. None of the values in your data are negative. Explore subscription benefits, browse training courses, learn how to secure your device, and more. AGGREGATE has a number of options for ignoring errors, hidden rows, and otherfunctions that may appear in data. The 0.45 Power Gradation Chart method originated in the asphalt industry and was developed by Nijboer in an attempt to describe the ideal combined aggregate gradation for asphalt pavements. Data that is arranged in one column or row on a worksheet can be plotted in a pie chart. This section presents some basic guidelines applicable to common dense-graded mixes. This tool allows the user to input any proposed combined grading of aggregates. A sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or procedure used (commonly used in civil engineering) to assess the particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material. 12.5 9.5 4.750 2.36 1.18 0.600 .3000.150 0.075 TABLE P5.27 Sieve 2519 Size, mm % Passing 100 92 Agg. 2. Calculates the median while ignoring error values in the range. We will explain this using two main steps: create a scatter chart and change the vertical (y) axis scale to a logarithmic scale. For these reasons the 0.45 Power Method is not commonly used in conventional concrete design, it is however sometimes used for evaluating proposed aggregate mixes. Sieve Analysis & Particle Gradation Curve (Excel Sheet) | Geotech with Naqeeb Geotech with Naqeeb 12K subscribers Subscribe 1.6K 120K views 2 years ago Like, Share and Subscribe for upcoming. It's a good idea to review your data and decide what type of chart would work best. |sJwab3+EhJzpkPV6~nKm0FJ0Ht;gdOkU=/\gDYy5I-Iw5JKJ7v%[ The AGGREGATE function is designed for columns of data, or vertical ranges. Conventional concrete construction often does not require such a closely controlled aggregate grading as roller compacted concrete or asphalt, and for this reason the 0.45 Power Gradation Chart method is not commonly used. You can hide or display these elements, and you can also change their location and formatting. To immediately undo a quick layout that you applied, press + Z . Scatter charts are typically used for showing and comparing numeric values, like scientific, statistical, and engineering data. q9?bd2s&V0R> Use the switch to hide the title if you don't want your chart to show a title. A total of 19 operations are available, specified by function number in the first argument (see table for options). However, if you want the chart to emphasize the sales by month, you can reverse the way the chart is plotted. passes through a 4" screen inch R)gv G P1 b&HDrPD9P\Ib3IWUH=J\g"HNy.n^(-8@_e]gc\_GPXlsP5}VsNwf4[ You now have a scatter chart of your data. Hi - I'm Dave Bruns, and I run Exceljet with my wife, Lisa. The fiber size variation was also conducted to determine its effect on the asphalt-aggregate mixture at 60 C using the Marshall immersion test. The 0.45 Power Gradation Chart Excel spreadsheet is included in the CivilWeb Grading of Aggregates in Concrete Analysis excel spreadsheet. Select a chart on the Recommended Charts tab, to preview the chart. The modified Fuller-Thompson grading curve for asphalt mixes can be used to produce this continuous grading. Number in parentheses indicates the allowable deviations ( ) from the target value. Dhw159C/z!*?tjM[+o^!7|{%%9[3//8/.7UlnEjx;h;Ub?&VvUPpKI If you insert a chart in Word or PowerPoint, a new sheet is opened in Excel. Data that is arranged in columns and rows on a worksheet can be plotted in an scatter chart. This is particularly the case for larger pours where aggregates are cheaply available. Radar charts compare the aggregate values of several data series. You can help keep this site running by allowing ads on MrExcel.com. *W-ICM` A widely used equation to describe a maximum density gradation was developed by Fuller and Thompson in 1907. space in an aggregate may be measured by the standard method of test for voids in aggregate for concrete (ASTM Designation: C30), and this test, used in conjunction with the standard method of test for unit weight of aggregate (ASTM Designation C29) is helpful in the selection of an aggregate blend when working with a new aggregate in Select data for the chart. The available types are listed below. ASTM C 125 defines the maximum aggregate size in one of two ways: Thus, it is important to specify whether maximum size or nominal maximum size is being referenced. In the Chart pane, expand theChart Titlesection. Hover over a chart to learn more about it. Then we build a logical expression using the TEXT function to check all dates for Mondays. Select range and press Ctrl+Shift+2 to format cells as time. It's an invaluable resource for me. You want to change the scale of the horizontal axis. Data that is arranged in columns or rows on a worksheet can be plotted in a radar chart. This shows that even a small amount of particles passing the 0.075-mm (#200) sieve results in very low permeability. The AGGREGATE function is designed for columns of data, or vertical ranges. Maximum 24 hour soak absorption of 2.50 percent; ii. A scatter chart has two value axes: a horizontal (x) and a vertical (y) value axis. Go to the error bar options for it. Choose the account you want to sign in with. Plot Control Chart, Use in Conjunction with the 2014 QC/QA Template XLSM: It was originally observed that mixes closely following the 0.45 power maximum density line in the finer gradations sometimes had unacceptably low VMA. Ref2 is a second argument that is required for certain functions. The following functions require a ref2 argument: As soon as you type the function_num argument when you enter the AGGREGATE function into a cell on the worksheet, you will see a list of all functions that you can use as arguments. Purpose Return aggregate calculation Return value Depends on function specified Arguments The AGGREGATE function takes four arguments:function_num, options, ref1, and ref2. b. Microsoft AGGREGATE function documentation, Ignore hidden rows, SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functions, Ignore error values, SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functions, Ignore hidden rows, error values, SUBTOTAL and AGGREGATE functions. See thetablebelow for all available options. If there are many categories or the values are approximate, use a line chart without markers. Starting January 1, 2020, Aggregate Producer shipment information to PennDOT funded projects and entered either in the Plant Summary and Project Summary Excel Spreadsheets must be entered in eCAMMS under the ESB dropdown menu and selection for Plant Summary Shipment Entry (www.ecamms.pa.gov). FHWA 1616. Refers to a gradation that contains only a small percentage of aggregate particles in the mid-size range. You cant add axis titles to charts that dont have axes, such as pie and doughnut charts. HMA gap graded mixes can be prone to segregation during placement. Our goal is to help you work faster in Excel. In a line chart, category data is distributed evenly along the horizontal axis, and all value data is distributed evenly along the vertical axis. There are two reasons that make the AGGREGATE function especially useful, compared to other functions which perform the same operations: AGGREGATE can run a total of 19 functions, and the functionto perform is given as a number, which appears as the first argument in the function, function_num. Therefore, in an attempt to minimize this problem, Superpave included a restricted zone through which a typical gradation should not pass as a recommended guideline. The term generally applies to dense graded aggregate. Our videos are quick, clean, and to the point, so you can learn Excel in less time, and easily review key topics when needed. It is not designed for rows of data, or horizontal ranges. A number 1 to 19 that specifies which function to use. However, the chart data is entered and saved in an Excel worksheet. In PCC, gradation helps determine durability, porosity, workability, cement and water requirements, strength, and shrinkage. Why. On the menu that opens, select the option you want. You can start your document from a recommended chart or choose one from our collection of pre-built chart templates. The excel spreadsheet then plots the proposed aggregate gradings onto a 0.45 Power Gradation Chart in the excel spreadsheet which the designed can use to determine the suitability of the proposed grading of aggregates. Depending on the data you have, you can create a column, line, pie, bar, area, scatter, or radar chart. Stacked barStacked bar charts show the relationship of individual items to the whole in 2-D bars. I am having trouble creating the second chart. 3. `?~78>T#Z$ Therefore, gradation requirements for specific HMA and PCC mixes are discussed in their respective pavement type sections. ScatterThis chart shows data points without connecting lines to compare pairs of values. The 3 charts are; Coarseness Factor chart 0.45 Power chart Percent Retained chart Each chart represents one aspect of an optimized aggregate gradation. Does anyone know how to create a .45 Power Chart? Charts display data in a graphical format that can help you and your audience visualize relationships between data. Pavement Interactive was developed by thePavement Tools Consortium, a partnership between several state DOTs, the FHWA, and the University of Washington, as part of their effort tofurther develop and use computer-based pavement tools. The forms and Excel Spreadsheets are intended to be downloaded and used locally . In PCC, large maximum sizes may not fit between reinforcing bar openings, but they will generally increase PCC strength because the water-cement ratio can be lowered. The CivilWeb Grading of Aggregates in Concrete Analysis spreadsheet is available for purchase below for just 5. Being such a simple technique of particle sizing, it is probably the most common. In the Insert Menu, click Chart. The following six functions require the ref2 argument: To return the MAX value inthe range A1:A10, ignoring both errors and hidden rows, provide 4 for function number and 7 for options: To return the MIN value with the same options, change the function number to 5: In the example shown above, the formula in D5 is: where "values" is the named range B5:B14. HMA gap graded mixes can be prone to segregation during placement. It might be reasonable to believe that the best gradation is one that produces the maximum density. You may create 0.45 power gradation charts using Excel or you may manually plot the data on a copy of Figure A.25. Your email address will not be published. You want to make that axis a logarithmic scale. See the following table for guidelines for how to arrange the data to fit your chart type. The grading of aggregates is very important in order to ensure that the aggregate and cement paste matrix contains the correct proportions of aggregates and paste. You may be trying to access this site from a secured browser on the server. It is not designed for rows of data, or horizontal ranges. Learn Excel with high quality video training. endstream endobj 133 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 134 0 obj <>stream Calculates the maximum value while ignoring error values in the range, Calculates the 3rd largest value while ignoring error values in the range. Use a smooth line without markers if there are many data points. Do 100% for positive and 0 for negative. Line charts can show continuous data over time on an evenly scaled axis, and are therefore ideal for showing trends in data at equal intervals, like months, quarters, or fiscal years. Note: The AGGREGATE function is like an upgraded version of the older SUBTOTAL function, and provides more calculation options, and more control over ignoring specific things. To plot specific data into a chart, you can also select the data. Worksheet for Determining Moisture Content of Soil and Aggregates Using a Microwave Oven AASHTO T 255. Data that is arranged in columns or rows on a worksheet can be plotted in a bar chart. Some Representative Gradation Specifications for Aggregate Courses from the 1996 FHWA Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects (FP-96). An aggregate grading following the 0.45 Power Gradation Chart method will produce the maximum possible density of aggregate materials, minimizing voids and therefore water and cement requirements. Some PCC mix designs use gap graded aggregate to provide a more economical mix since less sand can be used for a given workability. Word, Excel, etc. Aggregate can be proportioned by volume, minimum voids, and gradation. Charts help you visualize your data in a way that creates maximum impact on your audience. endstream endobj 135 0 obj <>stream document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Looking for Civil Engineer job with good salay Hello sir. WALK-IN-INTERVIEW Civil, Mechanical Engineer Tata Projects, Job Openings Engineers and Project Managers in Adani Group, Job Opening for Civil and Planning Engineer in Saudi Arabia, Walk-In for Project Engineers In Samsung Engineering, Walk-In-Drive for Civil Engineers and Managers in Lodha Group, Job Opening for Structural Engineer in Tornado Group,Abu Dhabi, Immediate Opening for Civil Engineer in CNSES GLOBAL, Mega Recruitment for Engineers and CAD Technicians in WSP, Walk-In-Interview for Engineers in Shapoorji Pallonji, Job Openings for Civil Engineers and Managers, Detailed Estimate for Residential Building, Design and Calculation of Reinforced Column, Design of Circular Water Tank Excel Sheet, Analysis of Rates of Building Construction in Excel, Recruitment for Civil,Mechanical,Electrical Engineers, Highest Paying Countries for Civil Engineer. Typical gradations are near the 0.45 power curve but not right on it. The aggregate grading can also be optimized to reduce the quantity of cement required reducing the cost. +y}E0*/d}L49FK8)~>dVJ6f52l>sMlIdIx@*[^!zgc1e[\,Z oO R V&;& ik>|[^M^3G`N/} Note:You can select the data you want in the chart and press ALT + F1 to create a chart immediately,but it might not be the best chart for the data. FHWA 1627. Tip:Doughnut charts are not easy to read. Filled radarIn a filled radar chart, the area covered by a data series is filled with a color. error. In the following example, the chart emphasizes sales by instrument. Once separated, the weight of particles retained on each sieve is measured (Figure 2) and compared to the total sample weight. Note: You can select the data you want in the chart and press ALT + F1 to create a chart immediately, but it might not be the best chart for the data. To see the results of your changes, switch back to Word or PowerPoint. Choose the account you want to sign in with. Please enable scripts and reload this page. Also in conventional concrete the fines include cementitious materials which means the aggregate grading will drop off the 0.45 Power Method line for fine materials. Refers to a gradation that contains most of the particles in a very narrow size range. Bar charts illustrate comparisons among individual items. https://www.dropbox.com/s/ofk9064puut58yj/gradation_power_chart.xlsx?dl=0, #N/B trying to use x.lookup from a PowerQuery Table, Chart appears to be plotting the wrong data, Can't seem to find a formula to remove square brackets around a hyperlink within a table. Thus, n = 0.45 appears as a straight diagonal line (Figure 1). Refers to a gradation that contains only a small percentage of aggregate particles in the mid-size range. The links below provide the applicable forms and files that make up the PennDOT Aggregate Plant Book. Click a chart type, and then double-click the chart you want to add. production of three optimization charts that may be required to be included in the concrete mix design submittal for some projects. Aggregates 101 - Common Aggregates in PA Aggregate sieves used to separate material by size (gradation). Ref1 Required. Click custom. Required fields are marked *. Title: DD Form 1207, "GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION GRAPH-AGGREGATE GRADATION CHART" Created Date: 10/13/2022 10:42:08 AM B 76 71 5338 32 17 10 5 3.0 92 65 32 31 30 29 28 21 15.4 Previous question Next question Form. To edit the chart(titles, legends, data labels), select the Charttab and then select Format. Stacked areaStacked area charts show the trend of the contribution of each value over time or other category data in 2-D format. Therefore, for base and subbase aggregates where permeability is important for drainage and frost resistance, many agencies will specify a maximum percent-by-weight passing for this sieve. The third column, Ref2, indicates the "second argument" expected by the last 6 functions. The most common HMA and PCC mix designs in the U.S. tend to use dense graded aggregate. Stacked line charts add the data, which might not be the result you want. The AGGREGATE function is like an upgraded version of the older SUBTOTAL function, and provides more calculation options, and more control over ignoring specific things. In essence, all the particles are the same size. Several other methods are used to optimize aggregate gradings in concrete including the Coarseness Factor Chart method and the Tarantula Curve method. Excel Sheet For Sieve Analysis Of Aggregate And To Calculate Fineness Modulus. Follow these easy steps to disable AdBlock, Follow these easy steps to disable AdBlock Plus, Follow these easy steps to disable uBlock Origin, Follow these easy steps to disable uBlock. Build progressive testing gradation charts and develop a file base; . Such a continuous grading would improve the workability of the fresh concrete, reducing water content and therefore increasing strength. CivilWeb Grading of Aggregates in Concrete Analysis, Grading of Aggregates in Concrete Analysis, Compressive Strength of Concrete Calculator, Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete Formula Calculator, Rigid Pavement Design xls Suite - Full Suite of Concrete Pavement Design Spreadsheets. In this method the aggregate gradings are plotted on a cumulative percent passing graph with the sieve sizes raised to the power of 0.45. Refers to a gradation that contains only a small percentage of aggregate particles in the small range. endstream endobj 132 0 obj <>stream Because the LARGE function requires a k argument, it appears as the last argument in the three formulas above. The excel spreadsheet then plots the proposed aggregate gradings onto a 0.45 Power Gradation Chart in the excel spreadsheet which the designed can use to determine the suitability of the proposed grading of aggregates. Scatter with straight lines and markers and scatter with straight linesThis chart shows straight connecting lines between data points. This analysis tool includes the 0.45 Power Gradation Chart method along with two other methods to allow the designer to fully analyze the suitability of the proposed grading of aggregates for a concrete mix. If you don't see the Excel Workbook Gallery, on the File menu, click New from Template. Several common terms are used to classify gradation. The Excel AGGREGATE function returns a aggregate calculation like AVERAGE, COUNT, MAX, etc., optionally ignoring hidden rows and errors. Worksheet for In-place Nuclear / Moisture Density Testing AASHTO T 310. Adding titles to the horizontal and vertical axes in charts that have axes can make them easier to read. If you need to, you can adjust the column widths to see all the data. ikJJ ;'u)IA#%$6w- dL)ea+lk3> {jNO]$J zk"}.." t ,$eEH?;PW!7qH$phALht2C Mw`\aE[~X9Y1S*H@* Tu^#f>*r 'S%$JkQ_kc What is the type of gradation? 100% stacked100% stacked area charts show the trend of the percentage that each value contributes over time or other category data. You want to adjust the independent axis scales of a scatter chart to reveal more information about data that includes pairs or grouped sets of values. In Excel, replace the sample data with the data that you want to plot in the chart. In a bar chart, the categories are typically organized along the vertical axis, and the values along the horizontal axis. But what is the best gradation? Go to format the chart. Optimized Aggregate Gradation Worksheet: 2273: Signing Material Statement: 2388: Seal Coat Material Selection Table: 2460: Soil Compactor Adjustment and Soil Compactor Analyzer Report (Tex-113-E/Tex-114-E) 2461: . This tool allows the user to input any proposed combined grading of aggregates. A sieve analysis can be performed on any type of non-organic or organic granular materials including sands, crushed rock, clays, granite, feldspars, coal, soil, a wide range of manufactured powders, grain and seeds, down to a minimum size depending on the exact method. The particle size distribution, or gradation, of an aggregate is one of the most influential aggregate characteristics in determining how it will perform as a pavement material. AGGREGATE(function_num, options, ref1, [ref2], ), AGGREGATE(function_num, options, array, [k]). After that, i don't know what i'm doing. Stacked column A stacked column chart shows values in 2-D stacked columns. To change the text of the category labels on the horizontal or vertical axis: Click the cell which has the label text you want to change. 3Q`Nb8W ^.4xf#PVb.K5Rt0y[ SK8cp;SqYX`#nV Create a chart. The AGGREGATE function is designed for vertical ranges, not horizontal ranges. FHWA 1621. 0.45 Power Gradation Chart Excel Spreadsheet, The 0.45 Power Gradation Chart Excel Spreadsheet is included within the. KT,0,>6a- t :m~@b&YcP^wakQu U6MZiV/EmjE(Ug{\XF njiXm{Xgy(YYRUhE%,W$! 5.4 Optimized Aggregate Gradation WorkbookForm 2227, "Optimized Aggregate Gradation Workbook," may be used to perform the aggregate gradation analysis. HQArD*D@}]-H"@@zPE1|&Y'}B9lDk7WW XD%pK0|9q$Z Communities help you ask and answer questions, give feedback, and hear from experts with rich knowledge. Responsible for everyday aggregate and asphalt testing from multiple operations at the poit of origin. Furthermore, a well designed and economical mixture will effectively use the aggregate to reduce the amount of paste in a mixture, but still achieve the required workability, which is called optimized graded concrete. After you create a chart, you might want to change the way that table rows and columns are plotted in the chart. Charts contain several elements, such as a title, axis labels, a legend, and gridlines. from 40 to 55 depending on the aggregate type and intended use. Place the x values in one row or column, and then enter the corresponding y values in the adjacent rows or columns. , The charts may be used %PDF-1.7 % These are only representative gradations and do not represent a comprehensive list of FHWA specified gradations. Double-click the Y-axis. If a second ref argument is required but not provided, AGGREGATE returns a #VALUE! 3.6do'7^;z&' yMHd rT?=~M=&$.9~&@PBv8HK}@%, T%,`b"m&rq ~u.ug8P!ADI I^M:yUiDFlqL_xMuB6MA+wQj&h| }Ee P 0 Use this chart when you have multiple data series and you want to emphasize the total. Click the Chart Design tab, and then click Switch Row/Column. I'm trying to plot a gradation on a .45 chart. In the Chart pane, adjust the setting as needed. Click Chart Title to choose title format options, and then return to the chart to type a title in the Chart Title box. Will return #VALUE! Optimized Aggregate Gradation Worksheet Hot-Mix Asphalt Design Worksheets T400 Corrections District Check List for Marshall Asphalt Designs District Check List for Superpave Asphalt Designs Attachment #1 - Marshall OAC Summary 03-11 Attachment #1 - Superpave OAC Summary 03-11 Attachment #2 - Marshall Mix Design Property Charts 01-07 When you create a chart, you can select from many chart types (for example, a stacked column chart or a 3-D exploded pie chart). By default, the Excel Workbook Gallery opens when you open Excel. However, some minimum amount of void space is necessary to: Therefore, although it may not be the best aggregate gradation, a maximum density gradation does provide a common reference. When you select a chart style, your changes affect the whole chart. It might not be easy to see that the lines are stacked, so consider using a different line chart type or a stacked area chart instead. Gradation has a profound effect on material performance. It may not display this or other websites correctly. endstream endobj startxref These are not precise technical terms but rather terms that refer to gradations that share common characteristics (refer to Figure 2): Refers to a gradation that is near the FHWAs 0.45 power curve for maximum density. ?>)v)F"FOUnAEd[m s'KdFEz:|epnJe*:(ZE? The gradation data may be used to calculate relationships between various aggregate or aggregate blends, to check . This tool allows the user to input any proposed combined grading of aggregates. Click anywhere in the chart to show the Chart tab on the ribbon. The curve is flat in the mid-size range. NAQTC certification in Density Embankment and Base, Aggregate, and Asphalt is a plus; SelectInsert> Charts > and the chart type you want. The AGGREGATE function has many options for ignoring errors, hidden rows, and other functions. The restricted zone was eliminated in 2002, but you may still see some reference to it in historical documents. Communities help you ask and answer questions, give feedback, and hear from experts with rich knowledge. Select the rightmost three columns then, from the ribbon, select Insert > Scatter chart > Line with Markers. lt|'}4\cjCq $C?"^5Adq xb)K&R2Q>9 You are using an out of date browser. 137 0 obj <>/Encrypt 128 0 R/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[127 29]/Info 126 0 R/Length 71/Prev 458372/Root 129 0 R/Size 156/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream A % Passing 100 100 Agg. We have a great community of people providing Excel help here, but the hosting costs are enormous. Click the chart, and then click the Chart Design tab. You must log in or register to reply here. Keystone State. Thanks for the incredible website! If you dont see a chart you like, select theAll Chartstabto see all chart types. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Options Required. This powerful analysis tool can be purchased directly for 5 or is included for free in the Rigid Pavement Design Suite. error. Straight lines can be shown with or without markers. Axis titles arent automatically shown in a chart. Data that is arranged in columns or rows only on a worksheet can be plotted in a doughnut chart.