30 0 obj (�� (�� <> The function of suspension systems contribute to the ride, handling and braking devices to increase the safety and driving pleasure, and also to keep the vehicle occupants comfortable and well isolate from road noise, bumps, and vibrations. (�� Drawing: Author. (�� 6 0 obj (�� (�� Suspension systems must support both road holding/handling and ride quality, which are at odds with each other. (�� 25 0 obj endstream This project focuses on a universal 4 bar linkage suspension system that will utilize semi-active technology allowing the operator to adjust the geometry of the suspension using an interface. (�� (�� (�� (�� ?��z_�y+���]��vN{�u���B�,5AՎr�S_V��(ª�����k�����MvP�!�>%#mL��*�t�S�;t�a���K��d��Ҭ���t_�z���n�.�:�A�3���F-��#��|E �8�i 't��[�.��_�^�CH�g1�'܅�6)��� (�� (�� <> (�� 5 Suspension System Terms • Camber: Looking directly at the front of the vehicle, camber refers to the tilt in (+) or out (‐) of the bottom half of the tire. (�� The \maglev" experiment is a magnetic ball suspension system which is used to levitate a steel ball in air by the electromagnetic force generated by an electromagnet. (�� endobj %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz��������������������������������������������������������������������������� (�� (�� Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two. (�� suspension system. (�� All parts perform the function of protecting parts from shocks are known as suspension system. What is the Function of a Suspension System? �k��������kݵw�~ϜL����||���YwkGM8i8 The main two basic function of suspension system are: 1. x��� � ��nH@ Ӕ <> (�� (�� (�� Therefore the magnetic suspension system can be used in many applications of the suspension in Automobile industries and in other industries. (�� stream (�� (�� stream (�� (�� The purpose of the suspension system is to isolate the vehicle body from the road inputs. (�� x���1  �Om/� x�� Where Mcpherson suspension system uses less space and provides more area to engine compartment. (�� (�� endobj 34 0 obj (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� <> Functions of Suspension System To prevent the stability of the vehicle in pitching or rolling while in motion. 3 0 obj (�� endobj (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� ��sk��hn�`�^o}tm3���/Ll��vɪP�*��J��,�j�F ���w:"���'�"�=i}��02'Z;��,w��t7"\��U����|QvrbݙǤdNV�� +�b�>�Ș�,nK�c�td�;7i� �u�3�k��h$�P��� � %���� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� 17 0 obj (�� (�� The maglev system is (�� 14 0 obj (��?�� (�� (�� 8 0 obj 0��>.�s�����%†��8�0�Ea��(�—;�w�X~�w�@�0 ���Fʆ�* JO#j�����'+�7����� ZŪ��I�RsV5����#T4Lɴ��Q��� �z~Q�d�Y��k��Z� hU+��t��6�7v�U+Sp7g⥞���A��0���}�f� suspension parts to each other. Any system used in vehicle to reduce road shocks and vibration known as suspension system. (�� stream <> This project compares the passive suspension response with active suspension response. �t3@�>��w!L���_D-�"����DƜ�=����u�Q�M:���@T�D���@��}}�;�m���:�!�N�g�qb�� (�� <> Section 7 compares the performance of the active and passive suspension systems. (�� (�� (�� ]c\RbKSTQ�� C''Q6.6QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ�� /�" �� <> (�� (�� Keywords: Active suspension system, Control, MATLAB/Simulink, PID controller, Simulation. The suspension system of a vehicle is divided into front suspension and rear suspension. (�� (�� (�� (�� The primary function of the suspension system is to isolate the vehicle structure from shocks and vibration due to irregularities of the road surface. (�� 19 0 obj The driver gets a greater feeling of the (�� The design goal is to minimize the Yaw-range and the Roll-Range of tire motion. <>/XObject<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 959.76 540] /Contents 22 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>> The functions of the chassis includes (i) carrying the weight of the vehicle and its passengers, (ii) withstanding the engine and transmission torque and thrust stresses, as well as accelerating and braking torque, Zadeh • MR damper and its application for semi-active control of vehicle suspension system , G.Z. (�� (�� (�� (�� Functions of the chassis . However, the system which actively controls the vertical movement of the wheels corresponding to the vehicle chassis (vehicle’s body) thru’ a computer-controlled system is known as the Active Suspension or Adaptive Suspension. The tuning of suspensions involves finding the right compromise. (�� (�� (�� endobj The concept of using an active suspension system for vehicles is to provide the best performance of car controlling. When the suspension system is designed, a 1/4 model (one of the four wheels) is used to simplify the problem to a 1-D multiple spring-damper system. (�� Figure 9: Rubber axlebox suspension system. (�� It is considered to be the way of increasing load carrying, handling and ride quality. ]c\RbKSTQ�� C''Q6.6QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ�� /�" �� (�� ɺ�kj$��-g���4��"�隊Ⱦ����c�D5��/a���v����V��;M/_ɀ��L5iD��P#��K&�V���>(�}P�7�����NW>�6j���g�JL�Cy�I�-kG�Ԅ���툤��5M�����Ne�d��� (�� (�� Along with other advantages, the rack and pinion steering system combined with the MacPherson strut suspension system is found in most front-wheel-drive unibody vehicles because of their weight- and space-saving feature. (�� The automotive suspension system helps to reduce the body roll and improve the ride quality effectively. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.44 841.92] /Contents 19 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 1>> Our suspension products allow you to control how your ride feels on the road. Suspension system also provide the vehicle stability in running condition. (�� (�� (�� Steel springs provide a solid and reliable cushion for vehicle suspension but steel is heavy and requires maintenance because of wear and rust. (�� (�� (�� (�� New systems with active electromechanical control of ride handling have been proposed lately, but to achieve full potential of these systems they require adjustable kinematics. endobj The primary functions of the suspension system include maximizing the contact between the tires and the road surface, providing steering stability and good handling, evenly supporting the weight of the vehicle (including the frame, engine, and body), and ensuring the comfort of passengers by absorbing and dampening shock. �� � } !1AQa"q2���#B��R��$3br� •Keeps tires in … (�� �$ J" fp1��B����&�qT구–v���.��KYH��XE?Fϋ�e��Er�������ZH~�I�4�tY�m�?57ɏ���!�����WNBQK�8+NJ8"C���� #]Tö��9G �� �r�4!�D]` �O�V 35��� 5���2�u Ucn��j��4���)Ӵ΅ʀ� �\��d!��:�Kd!D��$�S6�����q���Y~. (�� endobj endobj endobj (�� (�� (�� (�� M��(��Q)�:x�����xt��L4E�T�^���3��rل[C3�@�x(٧�R�����^����M~J�j�.D8�y���On� (�� The main task of the suspension system is to provide a comfortable and safe ride. (�� (�� (�� ��7�F �w^Cf��h�f�A���ݧ�>y� (�� One such suspension system is the air suspension fix‐mounted to the vehicle through springs to provide having certain advantages over the classical mechanical the softening of shock loads from road inaccuracies. (�� (�� (�� 18 0 obj (�� (�� (�� endstream <> This means that when a vehicle is in motion, all the components in the suspension system work together effectively to provide tyre-to-road contact. endstream This problem is not easy because it is a multi-objective problem and has too many design variables. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 959.76 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S>> (�� Cad/Cam(Appear) 2. 31 0 obj (�� (�� (�� (�� ?�&��?~� (�� (�� (�� endobj The tuning of suspensions involves finding the right compromise. stream 12 0 obj (�� Y@�8�;n�C ^+�hˉ��NʊD��Αݒʊ"��YQD�ˊ���ߎ���43�P�6��M����5�4�'��+�*-v�_�M]8��Q)V�>49��fș�?��t��?�бJo�#����O.���}"�*��Z3to!���i;-��!����� Added to the mix is the fact that air suspension kits only replace coil springs, and coil springs are part of a larger suspension system. Figure 2: Sketch of plate frame bogie primary suspension system. (�� <> (�� 11 0 obj endobj A basic suspension system consists of springs, dampers and linkages that connect vehicle to its wheels. (�� (�� endstream txILz <> endobj (�� (�� <> The schematic of the closed-loop system is the following: From the above transfer functions and schematic, we can draw the bus-system block diagram as the following: From the schematic above we see that: Plant = nump/denp (�� endstream (�� <> (�� (�� stream �S�z�i=y�0�/9��\�m�F��=N�EN-�R��Z��������y���5�p�9]h� �$h�&0^��x�m�"���d��V�|#�T9���)۔a�o��_ǭJ]�� :��\�|)�l} Nh���M�[M �mS H阰��a^��i [m�g�%ͅǠ��Rky���sӷ}ʋ|v�bc6X���r|���4��c/( ���!��aՊ`�V�D|u�3�@������嚪��>���f�D BxI���Na����O-��F*� 54�dk�I>��&�*_�Z��\퍗%����^�6�Эc8�����i���I�Ϭ���I��h0-�d���u��B&?��������� <> Usually the suspension consists of passive force elements which are designed to optimize the trade- off between ride comfort, suspension travel and wheel load variations. Also, it has 27 design variables. endobj System dynamics A quarter-car suspension system shown in Fig.1 is used to simulate the control system. Yeo (�� PDF | The purpose of this paper is to construct an active suspension control for a quarter car models subject to excitation from a road profile. Suspension system prevents the road shocks from being transferred to the vehicle frame. Function Suspension System •Supports the weight. (�� �� � w !1AQaq"2�B���� #3R�br� (�� <> at a pre-defined ground }r�D�4�6L�i����d�x]Ʌl3 (�� From the term ‘suspension’ itself, it is already understood that you are essentially raising something from the ground – to suspend – in an effort to minimize the impact or effects of forces of the ground on this particular something. (�� suspension system and can be combined with controllable vibration damper systems. (�� (�� 11 0 obj endobj (�� (�� endobj (�� (�� 0@)=��}+7� (�� (�� endobj endobj endobj 1. In general, other design tools employ D-Optimal design or Latin Shock absorbers are provided in the vehicles for this purpose. (�� (�� vehicle suspension system. (�� (�� A fully active suspension system aim is to control the suspension over the full bandwidth of the system. The functions of the chassis includes (i) carrying the weight of the vehicle and its passengers, (ii) withstanding the engine and transmission torque and thrust stresses, as well as accelerating and braking torque, Also, it has 27 design variables. (�� (�� (�� (�� �GR�喉��J7C!��(�λ c�V�d��Ԁ� (�� The state-space and transfer function models of the bus suspension problem were derived in the Suspension: System Modeling page. (�� stream (�� (�� endobj @�%��������B;�6��px�sﵦ���iw����l��~�7+����a�Xa�$������*��JW����� ���9XO�H�*)G%�cm�R������Hlo=��6��G������?�1������7�l�,���UkE���'mI�ْr (�� The goal function is chosen to provide the possibility to emphasize three (�� (�� 8 0 obj •Provides a smooth ride. (�� 20 0 obj (�� <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.44 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> suspension systems is to reduce road wear and increasing The wheels were rotationally‐mounted at axle ends to passenger comfort. (�� 5 Suspension System Terms • Camber: Looking directly at the front of the vehicle, camber refers to the tilt in (+) or out (‐) of the bottom half of the tire. endobj endobj (�� (�� endobj (�� (�� (�� 9 0 obj transmission system, front and rear axle, steering system, suspension system, wheels, tyres and brakes. (�� x���1  �Om� >@� (�� Quarter car test setup is discussed in section 3, which is the basis for suspension system modelling that is discussed in section 4. (�� 4 0 obj (�� (�� (�� (�� 23 0 obj Example: Modeling a Bus Suspension System using Transfer Function Zidarta - jimfackyou@hotmail.com Physical setup Photo courtesy: Eisenhower Center Designing an automatic suspension system for a bus turns out to be an interesting control problem. (�� (�� Example: Modeling a Bus Suspension System using Transfer Function Zidarta - jimfackyou@hotmail.com Physical setup Photo courtesy: Eisenhower Center Designing an automatic suspension system for a bus turns out to be an interesting control problem. (�� o���`a)!���re�oWR/���u��\���_katy�����-��0"�J4n�U$��r��������ƈ��8?��W� ��}SBmk�{��"l�磰C��[;%��?;6^��m��[^���j-��;8��JU���O���a��. (�� 9 0 obj <> (�� To prevent road shocks from being transmitted to the vehicle component and the passengers. endobj Chapter no 3 Automobile Suspension System By Er D S Phapale B.E. (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� endobj (�� 10 0 obj n%��#��E��bJ澒G�>.S.y�Q���f(��?L������� �#r�$��f,�wC���w%����D� �W�� <> (�� INTRODUCTION The main objectives of a suspension system are to prevent the road shocks from being ���Y�,O�^�Z���y�z^���沲��sCdy�{�+��ڼD���5^�[/�� |5�-3X ��άo7�v-����.����l������`%a\^ʻ�J�B�,G �JlUW�.-1�`#�����@AG(\�� (�� Springs, shock absorber torsion bar etc. • Suspension systems serve a dual purpose — (�� (�� endobj (�� (�� (�� z@��2 Diagram: Author. 5 0 obj (�� 16 0 obj 33 0 obj System parameters (M1) 1/4 bus body mass 2500 kg (M2) suspension mass 320 kg (K1) spring constant of suspension system 80,000 N/m This project compares the passive suspension response with active suspension response. 6 0 obj <> (�� (�� The maglev system consists (�� ���� JFIF ` ` �� ZExif MM * J Q Q �Q � �� ���� C What is the Active Suspension System or Adaptive suspension? (�� 7 0 obj x��[�o�8�^���>Z@Ê�Em�����.Y���������:q���3| %Q��p(��"g4��p86{�%{���w~̊ׯ��?���^VdW����g�.��3����K�.����������Y~֚��_�%�}��x�`�����>�^�^��"����k~]ddn��ӻ,#R�Hjѕ�-X����+&�'Ph+&4? (�� (�� Automobile, M.E. (�� (�� The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) for an improved brake system and the use of Magneto-Rheologic Fluids (MR Fluids) in suspension systems are examples of such systems. (�� Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels Serve a dual purpose – contributing to the car's handling and braking. (�� (�� G#���hD�'�Q|����ɡ���exfcPф~�cϫT�)4>�H/������*�lkV�N��������}�&wA������ x�ݚ������R1�F��*�����m�}T�2�� ���\�io@pܫw�U�&Z�]mNN�Ҡʌ9�n�i�Z��V� (�� This means that when a vehicle is in motion, all the components in the suspension system work together effectively to provide tyre-to-road contact. (�� �������߿��� • Suspension systems follow the road surface in order to maintain traction, control vehicle, and provide passengers smooth ride. (�� (�� x��k�����}��j�}pIA��N\5`����Y'��t�-_��3��!��vR(�493�;��j�����o��z����������O�?z�\H�8{���\T�\t��L�h�FX�8�y��Z����Y�b����? x���  �Om7� �0JP 15 0 obj (�� (�� (�� 16 0 obj (�� (�� (�� +��n�-���' �"�^I�ܻc��W@��q9W�6�L߸F ƈ��zQ���u���1���Y)D� H�(G8L��Z��v@�=D[���6�G j5�0��n�"�Wl#T���H�Q��8�x��~��M�����ds#��; Se��ꔝ)#jV�*�n�������u����.���b�7$��:"#��3��1�慘z�U�^�_;dM U��u7�Lu�e��'�T���Ek�Z/C3=�(�Sw`����#C���բ�RZ3�UU+E+����7�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� %���� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� Passenger cars commonly use front suspension as Macpherson suspension system to absorb road shocks and provide comfort to passengers. �8�7�� <> (�� <> No matter how smooth you think the road is, it's a bad, bad place to propel over a … active nonlinear quarter car suspension system—PID and fuzzy logic control Mahesh P. Nagarkar1,2*, Yogesh J. Bhalerao3, Gahininath J. Vikhe Patil2 and Rahul N. Zaware Patil4 Abstract Background: The primary function of a suspension system is to isolate the vehicle body from road irregularities (�� (�� (�� !(!0*21/*.-4;K@48G9-.BYBGNPTUT3? 26 0 obj <> endobj One of the inherent functions of a car suspension system is to help the car stay connected to the road’s surface. (�� (�� <> (�� endstream (�� 2. magnetic suspension system can be a option to the same. They can be connected to just about any type of suspension system … (�� (�� endobj Main function of the suspension system is to isolate the body of the vehicle from shocks and vibrations generated due to irregularities on the surface of roads. stream 4 0 obj Suspension consists of the system of springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels. (�� (�� (�� (�� [ 16 0 R] (�� 5 0 obj stream (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� • Caster: Looking directly at the side of the vehicle, caster refers to the tilt rearward (+) of the bottom half of the tire. (�� (�� suspension system. SUSPENSION Introduction to suspension system History Functions of suspension system Requirements of suspension system Elements of suspension system (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� 2 0 obj transmission system, front and rear axle, steering system, suspension system, wheels, tyres and brakes. (�� (�� (�� (�� These were the main design criteria that needed to be met to achieve a successful design according to the survey results. (�� The concept of using an active suspension system for vehicles is to provide the best performance of car controlling. (�� <>>> (�� (�� (�� endobj (�� Suspension System Design Problem: This design has two design objectives. (�� A basic suspension system consists of springs, dampers and linkages that connect vehicle to its wheels. '4W��Ic���H�0����4�0�i�P��\j��b�����RI.����E (�� The \maglev" experiment is a magnetic ball suspension system which is used to levitate a steel ball in air by the electromagnetic force generated by an electromagnet. (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� (�� JZNh ����aEPEPIE�))i( ��((�� ) -% %QH��C@��M`\��t��\�������t�����Y����&��/ֽgŸꖐ��>��c���ހ�(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(��(����� ����EPIKI@Q@ŠJ 1%- �QE��I@%-% %QH��()~�~��{�k�����?׿ր. •Allows rapid cornering without extreme body roll. It also prevents your car from shaking itself to pieces. stream (�� (�� <> The primary functions of the suspension system include maximizing the contact between the tires and the road surface, providing steering stability and good handling, evenly supporting the weight of the vehicle (including the frame, engine, and body), and ensuring the comfort of passengers by absorbing and dampening shock. (�� (�� 7 0 obj Check out the site and see what we have—fixed coilovers, adjustable coilovers, on-air suspensions, merch, and parts. (�� <> w������_����?a�����NS�j�|�P)�YS�a훚H;�� $-j귄v�b��_�� �gC��M$��yp!�(�b VjS� (�� ���S�Ĥ���;��z��O���V5U�� �:)��M���Ǽ^l��Gp���8���JM;��,��ӎ��XUi�Jh&�GU�ʩ�k{�+J�fL �^tB;�9��W3���.�٘8=")r��d�������HVm*�8)!uj��s��. (�� (�� (�� endstream <> (�� �2j�v��E�{���EI�RV�8����h�Η���a<3r�� ��� y/�t��4���� t׭�1���G��@K��/�M��� t׭�1��G�#� pP�� gK��G�t��5�_��G��G�#� pP�� gK��G�t��5�_��G��G�#� pP�� gK��G�t��5�_��G��G�#� pP�� gK��G�t��5�_��G��G�#� pP�� gK��G�t��5�_��G��G�#� pP�gK��G�t��5���G��A���� y'�t��4���� t׬� �1���G��@M��/�M'�t��5���G��?�������� t���/�Mz��#� pR�1�?J �_���h�ϗ���k��� �)?��������� t���/�Mz��#1� s����� �@M��/�M��� t׬� �3��G�#1� pP3ɿ�����>_����Fc��/�#1� r�M��/�M��� t׬� �3��I� ���� ��� t���/�Mz��#1� pR�5� yG�|��4g���^�� ���5� yG�|��4g���^�� ���5� yG�|��4g���^�� ���5� yO�|��4g���^�� ���'�#Q� pP���O�>�'�Mz��#Q� pR�5� yW�$��7��i<7嬩t40�@���k�����Ғ>��@ �zQ�zS����l��(���:� n��F��N���zQ�zS����l��(���:� n��F��N���zQ�zS����l��(��&��O������8�@ �=)6J}%�Q�zS����l��(��:�� �=(�=)�� ݃ҍ�ҝIH��l��)�҃ғ`���i����ҟIH���� A*�����G�� Z�%���. In other meaning, suspension system is a mechanism that physically separates the car body from the car wheel. (�� endobj endobj suspension system can be considered the complexity of the design and manufacturing cost due to increasing number of parts. 8.7 FUNCTIONS OF SUSPENSION SYSTEM (a) The main function of a suspension system is to prevent the socks to transmit to car or vehicle body so that passengers may ride comfortably. 27 0 obj (�� (�� (�� There are a multitude of manufacturers and companies selling a wide range of components in a bewildering combination of quantity and quality. (�� When the suspension system is designed, a 1/4 The main function of vehicle suspension system is to (�� (�� (�� Suspension System 1. SUSPENSION Introduction to suspension system History Functions of suspension system Requirements of suspension system Elements of suspension system (�� (�� functions of fuel injection system are: (i) To measure the correct amount of fuel required by engine speed and load, (ii) To maintain correct timing for beginning and end of injection, (iii) To inject the fuel into the combustion space against high compression pressure. system was based on a steel plate framed bogie with laminated spring axlebox suspension, much as seen on the first vehicles, and with a secondary suspension added between the car body and the bogie. (�� (�� (�� <> x�c` $ (�� It is quite easy to get an idea of what a car’s suspension system does. performance of the system is compared with the conventional (passive) suspension system. (�� x���1  �Om� x� <> INTRODUCTION • A vehicle suspension system is a complex vibration system having multiple degrees of freedom. endobj (�� Function of Suspension Apart from your car's tyres and seats, the suspension is the prime mechanism that separates your bum ( seated back side) from the road. (�� (�� (�� �Y�tA�v(sw�V%���^5����ee:K�^J6��R��W ��0����2�j�j1F��+�Q�Upw�;Y�e�m�*��m g���拟@�c4,61�&h��*f���ـ3`�8��r�op\���= }����`����3a�X3�d��u��ayaM����I6j"��)l�zxûU��G|���a���mj^��Ց�S�\*��L���3"ބ�暢�&�6�>� ��H�ĥ@�L�q�>oy (�� (�� (�� The automobile chassis is … (�� First, we look at the primary suspension. ?׿֘;�� �_�zυ?�-y6���~��>� T��vQ��O�G�i� �QE QE QE QE QE QE QE QE ��PEP(�� In general, other design tools employ D-Optimal design or Latin Figure 18: Conventional suspension compromises for passive and active suspension systems [Source: Daimler] ..... 29 Figure 19: The complex functional harmony required to provide driving quality [Source: (�� (�� (�� The self-levelling suspension keeps the vehicle body at constant level (controlled position = constant distance between centre of wheel and lower edge of wing), i.e. (�� (�� Shock absorbers work alongside your springs to reduce the impact of bumps and … (�� %PDF-1.5 (�� (�� <> (�� (�� endobj �� � w !1AQaq"2�B���� #3R�br� Instead of a classic springing and damping system using coil springs and gas-pressure shock absorbers, this featured the newly developed, electronically controlled AIRMATIC system, in which the air suspension and the adaptive damping system (ADS) form an integral unit, including individual, automatic level control on each wheel. (�� endobj (�� (�� Automobile suspension system 1. (�� 12 0 obj endobj 2. suspension parts with splined ends. The only main function of suspension is to reduce the sudden impact load when a vehicle is into a bump ,so that the impact is stored in the springs of a suspension and thereby releasing itto a … (�� <> (�� (�� (�� The design goal is to minimize the Yaw-range and the Roll-Range of tire motion. Suspension is the system of tires, tire air, springs, shock absorbers and linkages that connects a vehicle to its wheels and allows relative motion between the two. ���� JFIF ` ` �� ZExif MM * J Q Q �Q � �� ���� C 28 0 obj (�� (�� (�� !(!0*21/*.-4;K@48G9-.BYBGNPTUT3? suspension system. (�� <> (�� (�� Li, S.H. <> A fully active suspension system aim is to control the suspension over the full bandwidth of the system. (�� <> (�� System model. 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